Direct jobs are positions created directly by the new commercial enterprise (NCE), either through construction (if the construction lasts two or more years) or through operation of the business. These jobs can be counted easily because they are actual positions filled by actual people. Indirect jobs are those created as a result of the NCE’s spending on goods and services, and induced jobs are created by the spending of the NCE’s employees within the region. Indirect and induced jobs are calculated using economic models—and only projects sponsored by regional centers may count indirect and induced jobs toward the EB-5 employment requirement.